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Pathumthip Tonthubthimthonga, Peter L. Douglas
,
, b, Supaporn Douglasa, Wilai Luewisutthichata, Wittaya Teppaitoona and La-eid Pengsopaa
Nimbin, a component found in neem seeds, which is reported to have several valuable medicinal properties including: anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-fugal, antihistamine and antiseptic was extracted from neem seeds using supercritical CO2 and CO2 with a methanol modifier.
Nimbin extraction yields using supercritical carbon dioxide were found to be approximately 85% at 308 K, 23 MPa and a CO2 flow rate of 0.62 cm3/min for a 2-g sample of neem. An optimum extraction pressure appears to exist at ≈23 MPa and 328 K. Although extraction using a methanol modifier did improve the extraction somewhat, methanol was not found to be an effective modifier for extracting nimbin.
Dynamic extraction curves were predicted using three empirical models and a theoretical model. The three empirical models were: a Langmuir gas adsorption model, a first order plus dead time (FOPDT) model and a so-called tn cyclone model used to incorporate sigmoidal curves. The parameters in the empirical models were fitted to the experimental data. The Goto et al. [J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 31 (1998) 171] theoretical model was compared to the experimental results and was found to fit the data well. The theoretical model shows that the extraction yield depends strongly on the solvent flow rate, that is, external mass transfer or equilibrium is the controlling step of this process.
Author Keywords: Neem; Nimbin; Supercritical extraction; CO2; Modeling; Modifier; Methanol

rec.bicycles.racing@googlegroups.com
Today's topics:
* Boasson Hagen Deserves the Win - 2 messages, 2 authors
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.bicycles.racing/t/82ae7bff50264ab3?hl=en
* I say - 1 messages, 1 author
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.bicycles.racing/t/f7ec368612fa63aa?hl=en
* Proof that American cyclists are on drugs - delusional bald headed dopes - 2
messages, 2 authors
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.bicycles.racing/t/ae1dc1d56a342f5d?hl=en
* Does anyone see the Schlecks attacking tomorrow and Friday - 5 messages, 5
authors
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.bicycles.racing/t/bb27921282d63bfb?hl=en
* Tour de France, stage 17 summary - 4 messages, 3 authors
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.bicycles.racing/t/2c4ac2346fbc02f9?hl=en
* stage 17: how did the Schlecks catch up to Contador on the descent finish? -
8 messages, 6 authors
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.bicycles.racing/t/01266486ca08868e?hl=en
* just saw another brain dead moto driver - 2 messages, 2 authors
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.bicycles.racing/t/32c6cd3844feae06?hl=en
* These intermediate sprints in the mountain stages are interesting ... - 1
messages, 1 author
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.bicycles.racing/t/237d7a0a2fcda36e?hl=en
==============================================================================
TOPIC: Boasson Hagen Deserves the Win
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.bicycles.racing/t/82ae7bff50264ab3?hl=en
==============================================================================
== 1 of 2 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 7:52 am
From: Choppy Warburton
Damn good to see.
== 2 of 2 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 7:56 am
From: atriage
On 20/07/2011 15:52, Choppy Warburton wrote:
> Damn good to see.
Scandinavians know how to ride..everyone else are wankers.
--
==============================================================================
TOPIC: I say
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.bicycles.racing/t/f7ec368612fa63aa?hl=en
==============================================================================
== 1 of 1 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 7:54 am
From: atriage
On 20/07/2011 15:51, atriage wrote:
> Hivert done parked his bike on private property, shirly he should be DQ'd
Now Tommy too.
--
==============================================================================
TOPIC: Proof that American cyclists are on drugs - delusional bald headed
dopes
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.bicycles.racing/t/ae1dc1d56a342f5d?hl=en
==============================================================================
== 1 of 2 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 8:23 am
From: atriage
On 20/07/2011 15:48, Choppy Warburton wrote:
> Where's Levi, Danielson and Horner now ? Horner after the Tour de
> EPO
>
TD might make the top ten which is not too shabby, Levi looked like he was
gonna be cycling in the gruppetto for a while today which is too shabby.
--
== 2 of 2 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 10:32 am
From: Anton Berlin
On Jul 20, 10:23 am, atriage <atri...@satriage.net> wrote:
> On 20/07/2011 15:48, Choppy Warburton wrote:> Where's Levi, Danielson and Horner now ? Horner after the Tour de
> > EPO
>
> TD might make the top ten which is not too shabby, Levi looked like he was
> gonna be cycling in the gruppetto for a while today which is too shabby.
> --
Danielson still has his hair. Just like the true story of Samson
from the Bibble.
==============================================================================
TOPIC: Does anyone see the Schlecks attacking tomorrow and Friday
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.bicycles.racing/t/bb27921282d63bfb?hl=en
==============================================================================
== 1 of 5 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 10:29 am
From: Anton Berlin
and putting enough time into AC and CE to win the Tour ?
Me neither.
== 2 of 5 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 10:47 am
From: atriage
On 20/07/2011 18:29, Anton Berlin wrote:
> and putting enough time into AC and CE to win the Tour ?
>
> Me neither.
They are saving their legs for the Hors catégorie climb on the Champs-Élysées.
--
== 3 of 5 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 12:14 pm
From: --D-y
On Jul 20, 12:29 pm, Anton Berlin <truth_88...@yahoo.com> wrote:
> and putting enough time into AC and CE to win the Tour ?
>
> Me neither.
Only if they put shock collars on them (set to "burn") that are
activated if they turn around to look for each other.
Jeeze, Cadel certainly had a different look about him this morning--
just a quick moment seen on Versus.
Makes a big difference when you have a capable team. Like bringing a
gun to a gun fight instead of a shirt with a target on the back and
front.
--D-y
== 4 of 5 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 12:44 pm
From: Choppy Warburton
They need a hans device made of duct tape like they use in RAAM
== 5 of 5 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 1:42 pm
From: Scott
On Jul 20, 11:29 am, Anton Berlin <truth_88...@yahoo.com> wrote:
> and putting enough time into AC and CE to win the Tour ?
>
> Me neither.
As I read the subject line, all I could think of was that line used by
Larry the Cable Guy, "that's funny right there, I don't care who you
are".
==============================================================================
TOPIC: Tour de France, stage 17 summary
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.bicycles.racing/t/2c4ac2346fbc02f9?hl=en
==============================================================================
== 1 of 4 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 11:35 am
From: Bob Martin
Stage 17 : Jul 20, Gap - Pinerolo, 179 km
1 Edvald Boasson Hagen (Nor) Sky Procycling 4.18.00
2 Bauke Mollema (Ned) Rabobank Cycling Team 0.40
3 Sandy Casar (Fra) FDJ 0.50
4 Julien El Fares (Fra) Cofidis, Le Credit En Ligne
5 Sylvain Chavanel (Fra) Quickstep Cycling Team
6 Dmitriy Fofonov (Kaz) Pro Team Astana 1.10
7 Maciej Paterski (Pol) Liquigas-Cannondale
8 Dmitriy Muravyev (Kaz) Team RadioShack
9 Jonathan Hivert (Fra) Saur - Sojasun 1.15
10 Borut Bozic (Slo) Vacansoleil-DCM Pro Cycling Team 2.20
Changes in GC, stage 17 compared to stage 16 :
Biggest gainers by position :
+19 Dmitriy Muravyev
+16 Dmitriy Fofonov
+15 Borut Bozic
+14 Maarten Tjallingii
+13 Bauke Mollema
+12 Jonathan Hivert
+12 Edvald Boasson Hagen
+11 Bjorn Leukemans
+10 Ivan Santaromita
+8 Sylvain Chavanel
Biggest losers by position :
-6 Rui Alberto Faria da Costa
-5 Christian Knees
-5 David Millar
-5 Grischa Niermann
-5 Levi Leipheimer
-4 Carlos Barredo Llamazales
-4 Christophe Riblon
-4 Cyril Gautier
-4 David Moncoutie
-4 Peter Velits
-4 Tristan Valentin
Biggest gainers by time :
+4:53 Edvald Boasson Hagen
+4:13 Bauke Mollema
+4:03 Sylvain Chavanel
+4:03 Sandy Casar
+4:03 Julien El Fares
+3:43 Maciej Paterski
+3:43 Dmitriy Muravyev
+3:43 Dmitriy Fofonov
+3:38 Jonathan Hivert
+2:33 Borut Bozic
Biggest losers by time :
-15:45 Rui Alberto Faria da Costa
-9:42 Mikhail Ignatiev
-9:32 Andriy Grivko
-9:22 Addy Engels
-9:22 Adriano Malori
-9:22 Alan Perez Lezaun
-9:22 Alessandro Vanotti
-9:22 Andre Greipel
-9:22 Anthony Charteau
-9:22 Arnaud Coyot
-9:22 Arthur Vichot
Favourites by position :
+3 Jens Voigt
-1 Roman Kreuziger
-1 Ivan Basso
-2 Robert Gesink
-2 Luis Leon Sanchez Gil
-2 David Arroyo Duran
-5 Levi Leipheimer
Favourites by time :
+0:27 Samuel Sanchez Gonzalez
+0:27 Frank Schleck
+0:27 Cadel Evans
+0:27 Andy Schleck
+0:27 Alberto Contador Velasco
-3:58 Jens Voigt
-7:43 Roman Kreuziger
-9:22 Robert Gesink
-9:22 Luis Leon Sanchez Gil
-9:22 Levi Leipheimer
-9:22 David Arroyo Duran
Top 10 and favourites GC standings (previous stage in parens) :
1 Thomas Voeckler 73:23:49 (unchanged)
2 Cadel Evans 1:18 (was 2nd at 1:45)
3 Frank Schleck 1:22 (was 3rd at 1:49)
4 Andy Schleck 2:36 (was 4th at 3:03)
5 Samuel Sanchez Gonzalez 2:59 (was 5th at 3:26)
6 Alberto Contador Velasco 3:15 (was 6th at 3:42)
7 Damiano Cunego 3:34 (was 8th at 4:01)
8 Ivan Basso 3:49 (was 7th at 3:49)
9 Thomas Danielson 6:04 (unchanged)
10 Rigoberto Uran 7:36 (was 10th at 7:55)
.....
31 Levi Leipheimer 29:34 (was 26th at 20:12)
.....
44 Robert Gesink 49:11 (was 42nd at 39:49)
.....
47 David Arroyo Duran 53:59 (was 45th at 44:37)
.....
51 Luis Leon Sanchez Gil 57:12 (was 49th at 47:50)
.....
62 Jens Voigt 1:11:33 (was 65th at 1:07:35)
.....
113 Roman Kreuziger 2:02:42 (was 112nd at 1:54:59)
Top 10 on Points table with previous in parens:
1 Mark Cavendish 320 (was 1st with 319 points)
2 Jose Joaquin Rojas Gil 285 (unchanged)
3 Philippe Gilbert 250 (unchanged)
4 Thor Hushovd 235 (unchanged)
5 Edvald Boasson Hagen 173 (was 8th with 136 points)
6 Andre Greipel 170 (was 5th with 170 points)
7 Cadel Evans 165 (was 6th with 165 points)
8 Tyler Farrar 141 (was 7th with 141 points)
9 Mickael Delage 122 (unchanged)
10 Jeremy Roy 107 (unchanged)
Top 10 on Mountains table with previous in parens:
1 Jelle Vanendert 74 (unchanged)
2 Samuel Sanchez Gonzalez 72 (unchanged)
3 Jeremy Roy 45 (unchanged)
4 Sylvain Chavanel 38 (was 8th with 20 points)
5 Andy Schleck 28 (was 4th with 28 points)
6 Ruben Perez Moreno 26 (was 15th with 16 points)
7 Cadel Evans 26 (was 5th with 26 points)
8 Frank Schleck 24 (was 6th with 24 points)
9 Johnny Hoogerland 22 (was 7th with 22 points)
10 Sandy Casar 19 (was 9th with 19 points)
Retirements to date : Stage
Paolo Tiralongo (Ita) Pro Team Astana 17 <<<
William Bonnet (Fra) FDJ 14
Andreas Kloden (Ger) Team RadioShack 13
Gert Steegmans (Bel) Quickstep Cycling Team 13
Lars Boom (Ned) Rabobank Cycling Team 13
Vladimir Isiachev (Rus) Katusha Team 13
Denis Galimzyanov (Rus) Katusha Team 12
Romain Feillu (Fra) Vacansoleil-DCM Pro Cycling Team 12
John Gadret (Fra) AG2R La Mondiale 11
Alexandr Kolobnev (Rus) Katusha Team 10
Yaroslav Popovych (Ukr) Team RadioShack 10
Alexander Vinokourov (Kaz) Pro Team Astana 9
Amets Txurruka (Spa) Euskaltel-Euskadi 9
David Zabriskie (USA) Team Garmin-Cervelo 9
Frederik Willems (Bel) Omega Pharma-Lotto 9
Juan Manuel Garate Cepa (Spa) Rabobank Cycling Team 9
Jurgen Van Den Broeck (Bel) Omega Pharma-Lotto 9
Pavel Brutt (Rus) Katusha Team 9
Wout Poels (Ned) Vacansoleil-DCM Pro Cycling Team 9
Benat Intxausti Elorriaga (Spa) Movistar Team 8
Christopher Horner (USA) Team RadioShack 8
Bradley Wiggins (GBr) Sky Procycling 7
Remi Pauriol (Fra) FDJ 7
Tom Boonen (Bel) Quickstep Cycling Team 7
Ivan Murillo Velasco (Spa) Euskaltel-Euskadi 6
Vasili Kiryienka (Blr) Movistar Team 6
Christophe Kern (Fra) Team Europcar 5
Janez Brajkovic (Slo) Team RadioShack 5
Jurgen Van De Walle (Bel) Omega Pharma-Lotto 4
Total retirements : 29
(This report can also be seen at http://homepage.ntlworld.com/rvmartin2)
== 2 of 4 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 12:53 pm
From: Simply Fred
Bob Martin wrote:
> Biggest losers by position :
The is rbr, it should be loosers.
> -5 David Millar
The Millar line is on the lower end of its oscillation.
> -5 Levi Leipheimer
Did he forget to take his medication this year ?
== 3 of 4 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 1:08 pm
From: atriage
On 20/07/2011 20:53, Simply Fred wrote:
> Bob Martin wrote:
>> Biggest losers by position :
> The is rbr, it should be loosers.
>
>> -5 David Millar
>
> The Millar line is on the lower end of its oscillation.
>
>> -5 Levi Leipheimer
>
> Did he forget to take his medication this year ?
3 HC's and 1 cat 1 tomorrow...will LL make the time cut?...will Cav and Farrar'?
S'gonna be a tough stage, mucho shit hitting fan I predict.
--
== 4 of 4 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 1:11 pm
From: atriage
On 20/07/2011 19:35, Bob Martin wrote:
>
> Stage 17 : Jul 20, Gap - Pinerolo, 179 km
>
>
> Top 10 on Points table with previous in parens:
> 1 Mark Cavendish 320 (was 1st with 319 points)
Easiest point in the history of cycling, he must have rolled across the line at
all of 8 mph.
> (This report can also be seen at http://homepage.ntlworld.com/rvmartin2)
>
--
==============================================================================
TOPIC: stage 17: how did the Schlecks catch up to Contador on the descent
finish?
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.bicycles.racing/t/01266486ca08868e?hl=en
==============================================================================
== 1 of 8 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 11:48 am
From: bucky3
I was only reading the live blog, no television. It sounded like
Contador was pulling away from everyone on the descent. And given the
Schlecks fear/inability of fast descents, how did they end up
finishing at the same time as Contador?
== 2 of 8 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 12:27 pm
From: "Mark J."
On 7/20/2011 11:48 AM, bucky3 wrote:
> I was only reading the live blog, no television. It sounded like
> Contador was pulling away from everyone on the descent. And given the
> Schlecks fear/inability of fast descents, how did they end up
> finishing at the same time as Contador?
It /did/ look like Contador was pulling away with Sammy Sanchez, then
just about the finish, a group of seven, including both Schlecks and
Evans caught them.
The TV coverage didn't show the group of 7 gaining, but suddenly, there
they were.
Mark J.
== 3 of 8 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 12:27 pm
From: Choppy Warburton
I'm happy to help. See explanation on link
http://mathforum.org/dr.math/faq/faq.distance.html
== 4 of 8 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 12:51 pm
From: Simply Fred
Mark J. wrote:
> The TV coverage didn't show the group of 7 gaining, but suddenly, there
> they were.
The TV coverage switched between Contador and Voeckler and ignored
anyone in between.
== 5 of 8 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 1:04 pm
From: atriage
On 20/07/2011 20:27, Mark J. wrote:
> On 7/20/2011 11:48 AM, bucky3 wrote:
>> I was only reading the live blog, no television. It sounded like
>> Contador was pulling away from everyone on the descent. And given the
>> Schlecks fear/inability of fast descents, how did they end up
>> finishing at the same time as Contador?
>
> It /did/ look like Contador was pulling away with Sammy Sanchez, then just about
> the finish, a group of seven, including both Schlecks and Evans caught them.
>
> The TV coverage didn't show the group of 7 gaining, but suddenly, there they were.
>
Lesser gradient and wider road at the bottom, 7 bunch riding properly catch 2
usually.
--
== 6 of 8 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 1:57 pm
From: bucky3
On Jul 20, 1:04 pm, atriage <atri...@satriage.net> wrote:
> Lesser gradient and wider road at the bottom, 7 bunch riding properly catch 2
> usually.
ah, I see, thanks.
== 7 of 8 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 2:10 pm
From: DirtRoadie
On Jul 20, 12:48 pm, bucky3 <buc...@mail.com> wrote:
> I was only reading the live blog, no television. It sounded like
> Contador was pulling away from everyone on the descent. And given the
> Schlecks fear/inability of fast descents, how did they end up
> finishing at the same time as Contador?
http://www.solcomhouse.com/images/transporter.jpg
== 8 of 8 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 2:46 pm
From: atriage
On 20/07/2011 22:10, DirtRoadie wrote:
> On Jul 20, 12:48 pm, bucky3<buc...@mail.com> wrote:
>> I was only reading the live blog, no television. It sounded like
>> Contador was pulling away from everyone on the descent. And given the
>> Schlecks fear/inability of fast descents, how did they end up
>> finishing at the same time as Contador?
>
> http://www.solcomhouse.com/images/transporter.jpg
Ah! So that's how those fucking Norwegians have been doing it.
--
==============================================================================
TOPIC: just saw another brain dead moto driver
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.bicycles.racing/t/32c6cd3844feae06?hl=en
==============================================================================
== 1 of 2 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 1:46 pm
From: Frederick the Great
Just saw another brain dead moto driver stopped
in the high side exit of a nasty cobblestone
hair pin turn on the descent, totally robbing
Perez of his exit strategy. What a jerk.
--
Old Fritz
== 2 of 2 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 3:16 pm
From: atriage
On 20/07/2011 21:46, Frederick the Great wrote:
> Just saw another brain dead moto driver stopped
> in the high side exit of a nasty cobblestone
> hair pin turn on the descent, totally robbing
> Perez of his exit strategy. What a jerk.
>
Probably just hates Basques.
--
==============================================================================
TOPIC: These intermediate sprints in the mountain stages are interesting ...
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.bicycles.racing/t/237d7a0a2fcda36e?hl=en
==============================================================================
== 1 of 1 ==
Date: Wed, Jul 20 2011 3:25 pm
From: Frederick the Great
In article <lbGdneYtV4KqVLvTnZ2dnUVZ7sIAAAAA@brightview.co.uk>,
atriage <atriage@satriage.net> wrote:
> ...he said while making a cup of coffee to try and keep awake.
[Snap Snap] Wake up.
Stage 18: Blazing fast start and 20 points for Cavendish
(then OTB).
--
Old Fritz
==============================================================================
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pages 146-161

Dear Dipti,
your article is attached.--
On Wed, Jul 20, 2011 at 11:56 PM, Dipti Sugandh <diptisugandh@gmail.com> wrote:
Hello,
Kindly send me full text of the following paper:
Natural dye (cyanidin 3-O-glucoside) sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cell fabricated using liquid electrolyte/quasi-solid-state polymer electrolyte
T.S. Senthil, N. Muthukumarasamy, Dhayalan Velauthapillai, S. Agilan, M. Thambidurai and R. Balasundaraprabhudoi:10.1016/j.renene.2011.01.031
Renewable Energy
Volume 36, Issue 9, September 2011, Pages 2484-2488
link :http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096014811100053X
Thank you.
Regards,
Dipti.S
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Best wishes and regards,
pvk
--------- --------- ---------
Parijat Kanetkar
[B. Sc., M. Sc.]
Tel. No. (Cell) +91-93222 40599
Email - parijatkanetkar@gmail.com
http://in.linkedin.com/in/parijatkanetkar
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Hello,
Kindly send me full text of the following paper:
Natural dye (cyanidin 3-O-glucoside) sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cell fabricated using liquid electrolyte/quasi-solid-state polymer electrolyte
T.S. Senthil, N. Muthukumarasamy, Dhayalan Velauthapillai, S. Agilan, M. Thambidurai and R. Balasundaraprabhudoi:10.1016/j.renene.2011.01.031
Renewable Energy
Volume 36, Issue 9, September 2011, Pages 2484-2488
link :http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096014811100053X
Thank you.
Regards,
Dipti.S
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Dear Sir;
Am in need of the following ebook. If possible please attach the file
here also.
The Skin Type Solution: A Revolutionary Guide to Your Best Skin Ever.
Random House Publishing Group, 2006 - Health & Fitness - 352 pages.
From Dr. Leslie Baumann, a world-renowned dermatologist, comes a
program that's revolutionizing the way people everywhere think about–
and shop for–skin care. Now you can identify and buy the products that
are right for your true skin type. Answer the Baumann questionnaire
inside this book and within minutes you can learn…
http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Skin_Type_Solution.html?id=c0Q8CVX0EAEC
Regards
Sudheer J.
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5200 year old acupuncture in central Europe ?
Dorfer, Leopold; Moser, Maximilian; Spindler, Konrad; Bahr, Frank;
Egarter-Vigl, Eduard; Dohr, Gottfried
Science, Vol. 282, Iss. 5387, p. 239 (1998)
DOI: 10.1126/science.282.5387.239f
The role of acupuncture in the management of subfertility
Fertility and Sterility Volume 90 , Issue 1 , Pages 1-13, July 2008
http://download.journals.elsevierhealth.com/pdfs/journals/0015-0282/PIIS0015028208003610.pdf
doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.02.094
Thanks
Bob
toroide@
gmail.com
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Case IND 200711
Alleged torture and ill-treatment/ Incommunicado detention/ Due process violations/ Arbitrary detention/ Lack of a proper investigation
The International Secretariat of the World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) requests your URGENT intervention in the following situation in India/ West Bengal.
The International Secretariat of OMCT has been informed by Banglar Manabadhikar Suraksha Mancha (MASUM), a member of OMCT SOS-Torture Network, about the incommunicado detention and alleged torture and ill-treatment of Mr. Mijanur Molla and Mr. Jalil Gazi., by members of the Border Security Force (BSF), in events occurred in District-North 24 Parganas, West Bengal. OMCT is gravely concerned that to date, there has been reportedly no effective investigation into these allegations.
According to the information received, on 26 March 2011, at about 11.30 pm, Mr. Mijanur Molla, aged about 25 years, and Mr. Jalil Gazi Mondal, aged about 33 years, who resided at Sonpur village, were arrested in their respective homes by around 25 BSF constables from Kaijuri-Gaborda Border Outpost (BOP), Battalion no. 47 of BSF. The BSF constable reportedly entered into their respective houses by breaking the front door and then subjected the abovementioned two men to severe beating, in presence of their family members. Thereafter, the BSF constables took them to the nearby BSF Camp, where they were allegedly subjected to torture, including electric shocks.
According to the same information, on 27 March 2011, almost 17 hours after their arrest, the BSF took Mr. Mijanur Molla and Mr. Jalil Gazi Mondal to Swarupnagar Police Station, where the BSF filed a written complaint against Mr. Mijanur Molla and Mr. Jalil Gazi Mondal accusing each of them of carrying more than 10 kg of Ganja (cannabis). The police subsequently registered a First Information Report (FIR)[1] under section 20(b)(ii) of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substance Act and then prepared a seizure list in presence of the BSF constables but without any independent witness being present, stating that the aforementioned amount of Ganja was recovered from both Mr. Mijanur Molla and Mr. Jalil Gazi Mondal. The BSF have also not given any explanation for the delay of almost 17 hours between the arrest of Mr. Mijanur Molla and Mr. Jalil Gazi Mondal and their transfer to the nearest police station, namely Swarupnagar Police Station, although Section 52(3) of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substance Act requires that a person arrested under the Act be presented to the officer-in-charge of the nearest police station without unnecessary delay.
On 23 March 2011, Mr. Mijanur Molla and Mr. Jalil Gazi Mondal were reportedly produced before the Additional Sessions Judge 6th Court in the city of Barasat. They both remain detained at Swarupnagar Police Station pending trial, after the bail applications that had been filed in court were rejected. OMCT has also been informed that, since the beginning of their detention, Mr. Mijanur Molla and Mr. Jalil Gazi Mondal have been denied access to their families, a doctor and a lawyer.
On 26 March 2011, the families of both Mr. Mijanur Molla and Mr. Jalil Gazi Mondal submitted one written complaint before the Sub-Divisional Police Officer (SDPO), Basirhat, North 24 Parganas, regarding the arrest of their relatives from their house by BSF constables without disclosing any reason. On 1 April 2011, Ms. Tajlima Bibi, Mr. Mijanur Molla's wife, also submitted one written complaint before the same SDPO, regarding the acts of torture, including the electric shocks, inflicted by the BSF constables to her husband in their home and at the BSF camp. There is currently no information available on the existence of any investigation or progress of investigation regarding these complaints.
OMCT is concerned for the safety of Mr. Mijanur Molla and Mr. Jalil Gazi Mondal and recalls that the authorities are legally bound to effectively ensure the physical and psychological integrity of all persons deprived of liberty in accordance with international human rights law. The authorities must also ensure that Mr. Mijanur Molla and Mr. Jalil Gazi Mondal are afforded their rights to access to effective counsel, their families and medical assistance.
OMCT also calls on the competent authorities to ensure that the investigation into the allegations of torture and other ill-treatment of Mr. Mijanur Molla and Mr. Jalil Gazi Mondal is carried out promptly, effectively, thoroughly, independently and impartially, in accordance with international human rights standards, the result of which must be made public, in order to bring those responsible before a competent, independent and impartial tribunal and apply penal, civil and/or administrative sanctions as provided by law.
Please write to the authorities in India/ West Bengal urging them to:
i. Guarantee, in all circumstances, the physical and psychological integrity of Mr. Mijanur Molla and Mr. Jalil Gazi Mondal;
ii. Grant them immediate and full access to a lawyer of their choice and their families, as well as guarantee that they are promptly examined by independent doctors and receive adequate and free medical care, in accordance, inter alia, with the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners;
iii. Order their immediate release in the absence of valid legal charges that are consistent with international law and standards, or, if such charges exist, bring them promptly before an impartial, independent and competent tribunal and guarantee their procedural rights at all times;
iv. Carry out a prompt, effective, thorough, independent and impartial investigation into the allegations of torture and other ill-treatment of Mr. Mijanur Molla and Mr. Jalil Gazi Mondal in accordance with international human rights standards, the result of which must be made public, in order to bring those responsible before a competent, independent and impartial tribunal and apply penal, civil and/or administrative sanctions as provided by law;
iii. Ensure that an effective remedy as well as the right to full redress, including compensation, is granted to the victims;
iv. Guarantee the respect of human rights and the fundamental freedoms throughout the country in accordance with national laws and international human rights standards.
Addresses
Ø Mr. Shri Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India, Prime Minister's Office, Room number 152, South Block, New Delhi, Fax: + 91 11 2301 6857;
Ø Mr. P. Chidambaram, Union Minister of Home Affairs, Ministry of Home Affairs, 104-107 North Block, New Delhi 110 001 India, Fax: +91 11 2309 2979;
Ø Hon'ble Mr. Justice S.H. Kapadia, Chief Justice of India, Supreme Court, Tilak Marg, New Delhi -1, Fax: +91 11 233 83792, Email: supremecourt@nic.in;
Ø Justice K. G. Balakrishnan, Chairperson, National Human Rights Commission of India, Faridkot House, Copernicus Marg, New Delhi 110 001, Fax: +91 11 2334 0016, Email: chairnhrc@nic.in;
Ø Jusice N. C. Sil, Acting Chairman, West Bengal Human Rights Commission, Bhabani Bhaban, Alipur, Kolkata -27. Fax +91 33 24799633, Email: wbhrc@cal3.vsnl.net.in;
Ø M. K. Narayanan, Governor, West Bengal, Raj Bhaban, Kolkata – 62, Phone: +91 33-2200 1641, Fax: +91 33 – 2200 2444 / 2200 1649, secy-gov-wb@nic.in;
Ø Mr. Sri Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, Chief Minister, Government of West Bengal, Writers' Buildings, BBD Bagh, Kolkata – 1, Fax - +91 33 22145480, Email - cm@wb.gov.in, sechome@wb.gov.in;
Ø Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations (Geneva), Rue du Valais 9, 1202 Geneva, Tel: +41 22 906 86 86, Fax: +41 22 906 86 96, Email: mission.india@ties.itu.int
Please also write to the diplomatic mission or embassy of India in your respective country.
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Geneva, 20 July 2011.
Kindly inform us of any action undertaken quoting the code of this appeal in your
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