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Academic Journal
Main Category: HIV / AIDS
Article Date: 16 Mar 2012 - 7:00 PDT
Patient / Public:
Healthcare Prof:
The risk of contracting HIV is 14 times higher for female sex workers
in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) than for women in the
general population, according to a study published Online First in The
Lancet Infectious Diseases.
Three decades have passed since the global HIV epidemic started, yet
the knowledge about HIV amongst sex workers is still limited, despite
these women's increased risk of infection because of higher exposure
to biological, behavioral and structural risk factors.
Dr. Stefan Baral, from the Center for Public Health and Human Rights
at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore,
MD, USA, and his team decided to perform a meta-analysis of 102
studies that included nearly 100,000 female sex workers in 50
countries.
They discovered an overall HIV occurrence in 12% of female sex workers
in LMIC, and that sex workers were 14 times more likely to be infected
with the virus as compared with the general female population in those
countries. 31% of female sex workers in 26 countries categorized as
medium or high background HIV prevalence tested positive to the virus,
with the risk for infection in these female sex workers being 12 times
higher compared with women from the general population.
The worst region in terms of infection risk for female sex workers was
Asia, with an increased risk of 29 times, whilst the risk in Africa
and Latin America was 12-fold as compared to the general female
population.
The researchers concluded:
"We identified consistent evidence of substantially higher levels of
HIV among female sex workers compared with all women of reproductive
age in low-income and middle-income countries in all regions with
data.
Although female sex workers have long been understood to be a key
affected population, the scope and breadth of their disproportionate
risk for HIV infection had to date not been systematically documented.
These findings suggest an urgent need to scale up access to quality
HIV-prevention programming and services among female sex workers
because of their heightened burden of disease and likelihood of onward
transmission through high numbers of sexual partners as clients.
In view of the high burden of HIV among female sex workers and recent
biomedical advances related to treatment as prevention, improvement of
linkages to antiretroviral treatment, and retention in care, ongoing
prevention for sex workers already living with HIV is
crucial...Considerations of the legal and policy environments in which
sex workers operate, and the important role of stigma, discrimination,
and violence targeting female sex workers globally will be required to
reduce the disproportionate disease burden among these women."
Linked Comment in The Same Journal
Dr. Kate Shannon of the Gender and Sexual Health Initiative, and Dr
Julio S G Montaner from the British Columbia Centre for Excellence in
HIV/AIDS and the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, BC,
Canada, write in a linked comment:
"As the epidemic matures in many settings, with some countries already
reporting over 50% of sex workers living with HIV, comprehensive
initiatives simultaneously targeting HIV prevention, ART access, and
care are increasingly vital. As highlighted in a recent report by the
UNAIDS advisory on sex work and HIV, removal of structural barriers
(e.g., criminalized laws and policies, violence) remains a necessary
precondition to an effective HIV response in sex work worldwide."
Written by Petra Rattue
Copyright: Medical News Today
Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today
--
Truth resides in every human heart, and one has to search for it there, and to be guided by truth as one sees it. But no one has a right to coerce others to act according to his own view of truth. - Mohandas Gandhi
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March 16, 2012
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Targeted News Service
CHICAGO, March 15 -- Lambda Legal issued the following news release:
Today Lambda Legal released a list of 130 HIV and health care advocacy
and direct service organizations who have endorsed Lambda Legal's
friend-of-the-court brief urging the U.S. Supreme Court to uphold the
Affordable Care Act. The United States Supreme Court will hear oral
arguments in several cases challenging the constitutionality of the
law the week of March 26, 2012.
"The list of supporters for our brief urging the Court to uphold the
ACA continues to grow because of the law's enormous potential to
impact the domestic AIDS epidemic," said Scott Schoettes, HIV Project
Director for Lambda Legal. "By signing on to the statement of support,
organizations across the nation have affirmed the demonstrable effect
the ACA will have on reducing rates of transmission and increasing
prevention education, early detection, and access to quality care for
everyone living with HIV."http://www.lambdalegal.org/in-court/legal-
docs/dept-of-hhs_us_20120113_brief-for-amici-curiae In January, Lambda
Legal filed a friend-of-the-court brief highlighting the crucial link
between the ACA and the ability to curtail the domestic AIDS epidemic.
The brief supports the federal government's position that the ACA's
minimum coverage requirement (also known as the individual mandate) is
constitutional under the Commerce Clause and the Necessary and Proper
Clause. In March of 2010, the ACA was signed into law, reforming
aspects of the private health insurance industry and expanding access
to health insurance for millions of Americans. The constitutionality
of the law was immediately challenged in federal court in multiple
jurisdictions; the United States Supreme Court will rule on the
appeals in these cases this term and has scheduled oral arguments for
the week of March 26, 2012. The list of organizations includes AIDS
Interfaith Network, National Alliance of State & Territorial AIDS
Directors, National Black Women's HIV/AIDS Network, Queer People's
Health Collective and Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities Coalition.
They join Lambda Legal in supporting the federal government's position
that the ACA's minimum coverage requirement is constitutional. Read
the complete list of organizations that have signed the statement of
support.http://www.lambdalegal.org/in-court/legal-docs/dept-of-
hhs_us_20120315_statement-of-support When the ACA was enacted, only
17% of Americans with HIV had private health insurance. In the
individual insurance market, people living with HIV are generally
considered "uninsurable" and are routinely rejected when they apply
for coverage because they have a pre-existing condition. Even when
these individuals find an insurance company to cover them, most states
have no rating limits, allowing insurers to charge prohibitively
expensive premiums. The ACA is designed to address this problem by
eliminating pre-existing condition exclusions and requiring that
everyone acquire health insurance. The impact of such reform has
already been demonstrated on a state-wide level. In Massachusetts
between 2005 and 2008, after similar health care reform was
implemented, the state had a 37% decrease in HIV infections while the
nation had an 8% increase. Lambda Legal's HIV Project Director, Scott
Schoettes, and Director of Constitutional Litigation, Susan Sommer,
are joined as counsel on the brief by Ropes & Gray LLP attorneys
Douglas Hallward-Driemeier, Bradley Grossman, Brendon Carrington, and
Jacob Heller. The following organizations are listed as signatories in
the amicus brief filed at the U.S. Supreme Court: AIDS United, Asian
and Pacific-Islander Coalition on HIV/AIDS (APICHA), Black AIDS
Institute, Center for HIV Law and Policy, Gay and Lesbian Advocates &
Defenders (GLAD), Gay and Lesbian Medical Association (GLMA), HIV
Medicine Association (HIVMA), HIV Prevention Justice Alliance (HIV
PJA), Latino Commission on AIDS, National Association of People with
AIDS (NAPWA), National Center for Lesbian Rights (NCLR), National
Center for Transgender Equality (NCTE), National Native American AIDS
Prevention Center (NNAAPC), U.S. Positive Women's Network/WORLD, and
Treatment Access Expansion Project (TAEP). The case is Dept. of HHS v.
Florida. http://www.lambdalegal.org/in-court/cases/dept-of-hhs-v-florida
Read the brief.http://www.lambdalegal.org/in-court/legal-docs/dept-of-
hhs_us_20120113_brief-for-amici-curiae
--
Truth resides in every human heart, and one has to search for it there, and to be guided by truth as one sees it. But no one has a right to coerce others to act according to his own view of truth. - Mohandas Gandhi
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16th March 2012
Ashley Judd addressed members of the United Nations on Wednesday
(14Mar12) in her latest bid to end sex slavery and human trafficking.
A longtime political activist, Judd earned her Master's degree in
Public Administration from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at
HarvardUniversity in 2010 and, during her studies, she learned all
about the violent atrocities linked to the international black market
sex trade.
In a bid to educate others, the De-Lovely star participated in a
discussion with the United Nations Office on Drug and Crime in New
York City.
She says, "I wrote a paper for a class called Gender Violence Law and
Social Justice while at Harvard Law School and it was really special
and a personal paper for me.
"And, somehow or other, it magically won the Dean Scholar Award and so
I was invited to the UN to talk about it yesterday".
Judd has become a tireless campaigner for women's rights and shot the
documentary India's Hidden Plague about the spread of Aids among
reluctantstreet prostitutes, forced into the trade by murderous thugs.
--
Truth resides in every human heart, and one has to search for it there, and to be guided by truth as one sees it. But no one has a right to coerce others to act according to his own view of truth. - Mohandas Gandhi
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both sentOn 16 March 2012 23:06, Narinder kaur <kaurnarinder88@gmail.com> wrote:kindly sned me the following articles
1. Preparation and characterization of a protein hydrolysate from an oilseed flour mixture
Food Chemistry, Volume 106, Issue 3, 1 February 2008, Pages 1166–1174
- C. Radha,
- Parigi Ramesh Kumar,
- V. Prakash,
--
2. Enzymatic hydrolysis of soy proteins and the hydrolysates utilisation
- Xiang DongSun
- ,
- International journal o ffood science and technology
- vol 46, issue 12
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Participating in an Amity Science Technology and Innovation Foundation
(ASTIF)-AIDS Society of India organised national symposium, Dr. V. M.
Katoch, Secretary, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health
and Family Welfare, and Director General of the Indian Council of
Medical research (ICMR), said HIV and AIDS is spreading very rapidly
in the country, especially in pockets which may not be monitored,
making it a matter of high concern.
Dr. Katoch stressed that with the treatment of HIV and AIDS becoming
easily accessible, there is a lurking danger of treatment being
misused just like it happened in the case of TB.
He added that the democratization of TB treatment resulted in the
virus mutations that spread rapidly affecting the resistance of the
patients, thereby, leading to a medically created disaster.
Dr. Katoch said the information generated about HIV and AIDS needs to
be converted into technology that lead to newer therapies and
alternative therapies so as to be within the reach of everybody.
Presenting his study on " Timely, Optimal, Efficient and Comprehensive
Care Changes Lives of HIV +ve People", Dr. I S Gilada, President, AIDS
Society of India revealed that in a country with over 2.5 million HIV
infected people, there are not even 100 full time doctors and around
1000 part time doctors in HIV practice in private sector.
He also revealed that only 60 percent of sex workers are reached with
HIV prevention program and 40 percent of them identify correct ways of
using prevention methods.
He said that half of the infected people do not know their HIV status.
Only 30% of the infections are recorded at NACO due to inherent flaws
in the reporting system.
Dr. I S Gilada suggested that state-run and NGO programs need to be
critically evaluated, best practices should be replicated, three tier
but not free for all ART (Anti-Retro-viral Treatment) should be
provided and vulnerability of women and children should be reduced.
Dr. Ruby Bansal, Head of Department for AIDS, Pushpanjali Crosslay
Hospital, Ghaziabad, said immense funding is required to set up
treatment centers for HIV+ patients.
She also said that the lack of awareness, prejudice, conservative
outlook towards sex and a deep-rooted stigma are the major reasons the
spread of this disease.
Even some doctors keep patients at arm's length and even deny
treatment because of their prejudice, she added.
Dr. Bansal said that a combined effort from private as well as public
sector is the best possible option to deal with this pandemic.
Dr. Bansal advised young and old likewise to get tested for HIV
infection anytime they have doubts or contact a professional to answer
their queries.
Dr. Geeta Gupta- Assistant Professor- Institute of Dental Studies and
Technologies, Modinagar, presented an overview of the oral
manifestations of AIDS, infection prevention and control in the dental
sphere.
She conveyed that 90 percent of people living with HIV develop atleast
one dental problem, and added that it is often the dentist who will be
the first to identify an oral manifestation of HIV.
Eminent speakers who presented their research papers during the two
day symposium included Dr. B.B. Rewari- Associate Professor of
Medicine at PGIMER and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, NACO, New Delhi
on "Epidemiological Situation of HIV/AIDS in India", Prof. Sarman
Singh - Head of Clinical Microbiology Division, AIIMS, New Delhi on
"Viral Confections in HIV-1 Infected Patients", Dr. Akhil C. Banerjea-
Senior Scientist, Chair of Virology Department, National Institute of
Immunology, New Delhi, India on "HIV-1 Biology, Replication,
Pathogenesis and Gene therapy"; Dr. A. H. Bandivdekar- Deputy Director
and Head, Department of Biochemistry and Virology, National Institute
for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai on "Challenges in
Management of HIV/AIDS due to Viral Variation" and others. (ANI)
Copyright 2012 Asian News International (ANI).Syndigate.info, Al
bawaba.comAll Rights Reserved
Asian News International (ANI)
--
Truth resides in every human heart, and one has to search for it there, and to be guided by truth as one sees it. But no one has a right to coerce others to act according to his own view of truth. - Mohandas Gandhi
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--- On Sat, 17/3/12, Human Rights Watch <news@hrw.org> wrote:
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Hi,
I need the next article:
Title: The use of biosensors to study GPCR function: applications for
high-content screening.
Journal: Receptors Channels, Volume: 8, Issue: 5-6, Pages: 331-341
Pubmed LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690960
Mendeley LINK: http://www.mendeley.com/research/biosensors-study-gpcr-function-applications-highcontent-screening/
Thanks for your help
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DEAR FRIENDS,I NEED THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE. PLEASE PROVIDE ME.Volume 29, Issue 6, June 2009, Pages 1971–1981
Country ReportMunicipal solid waste management in Lahore City District, Pakistan
- a Department of Space Science, Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan
- b College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Accepted 12 December 2008. Available online 20 January 2009.
--
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.12.016, How to Cite or Link Using DOI
Best Regards,
Muhammad Atif Zia
Sargodha,PAKISTAN
0092 321 4822364
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